dhenachp.carrd.co

Dhena

Celia

education

EXPERIENCEs

EXPERIENCEs

EXPERIENCEs

bachelor’s thesis

Effect of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Concentration from ​Blood Clam Shell (Anadara granosa) on Bioplastic Characteristic

research background

Bioplastic production requires raw materials with specific ​properties, depending on the product's function. Starch, a ​common bioplastic material, has hydrophilic properties, ​limiting its application. This limitation can be addressed by ​adding fillers like calcium carbonate, which can be sourced ​from blood shellfish by-products. Incorporating calcium ​carbonate from blood mussel shells improves the physical ​properties of corn starch-based bioplastics.

ob​jective

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ​the concentration of PCC filler (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) from ​Anadara granosa shells on the physical properties of ​bioplastics.

Me​thod

PCC was created through purification from Anadara ​granosa shell, calcination at 800°C for 4 hours, washing ​with 2 M HCl 37% in 100ml and 1 M NaOH in 100ml. The ​resulting PCC was analyzed using XRD and PSA. ​Production of corn starch-based bioplastics was added ​with PCC concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The ​bioplastics were then evaluated for tensile strength, ​swelling test, biodegradation rate and compared to JIS. The ​data was analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% significance ​level, followed by DMRT at the same level.

result

di​scussion

The best tensile strength results were obtained from ​bioplastics with a PCC concentration of 5% which is 12,121 ​mPa which is in accordance with the Japanese Industrial ​Standard (JIS). The best water resistance results were ​obtained from the bioplastic swelling test with a PCC ​concentration of 15%, which is 48.306%. The results of the ​biodegradation ability show that the higher the ​concentration of PCC to which bioplastics are added, the ​longer the rate of bioplastic degradation.

Master’s thesis

Bioplastic Polyelectrolyte Complex (PEC) from Kappa Carrageenan and ​Shrimp, Crab, and Fish Scale Chitosan as Food Packaging.

research background

result

Bioplastic offers an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic ​plastics and can be made from natural polysaccharides like ​κ-carrageenan, known for its gel-forming properties. ​However, the mechanical properties of κ-carrageenan ​bioplastics often fall below standard. Enhancing these ​properties can be achieved by adding chitosan, which ​forms polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with carrageenan ​through electrostatic interactions, eliminating the need for ​toxic crosslinking agents. The molecular weight of chitosan, ​influenced by its source and extraction process, is crucial in ​PEC formation.

ob​jective

The findings indicated that crab chitosan-κ carrageenan ​PEC bioplastic exhibited optimal results with a thickness of ​0.178 mm, tensile strength of 18.053 MPa, elongation at ​break at 211.73%, water resistance of 63.94%, Water Vapor ​Transmission (WVT) of 0,001456 g/m2/day, ​biodegradation rate of 3.358% over 7 days, and the lowest ​TPC in fish fillets after 24 h, increasing from 4.39 log CFU/g ​to 7.45 log CFU/g.

This study aims to identify the most suitable type of ​chitosan for food packaging bioplastics using ​polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) method.

Me​thod

Three types of commercial chitosan with different ​molecular weights were evaluated (shrimp, crab, and fish ​scale chitosan). JIS were used for characterization ​assessment of bioplastics such as thickness, tensile ​strength, water resistance, water vapor transmission, and ​biodegradation rate as well as additional tests including ​FTIR, SEM analysis, and TPC on fish fillets.

co​nclusion

Based on these results, molecular weight of chitosan was ​shown to significantly influence the PEC bioplastics ​characteristics.

medium

environment and sustainability

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